Unix, GNU/Linux and Terminal

Frequently Used Terms

• File and Folder
• Directory
  • Parent Directory
  • Working Directory
• User
• Root or Root Directory
• Environments
• Backup
• Command, Command Line, Console
• Warning, Error, Permission Denied
• Segmentation Fault

Frequently Used Terms

• File and Folder
• Directory Path, Parent and Working Directory

Frequently Used Terms

User, Root and Home Directory

whoami

## emirtoker

Root directory symbol; “/”. Home directory symbol; “~”.

Frequently Used Terms

Environments and Backup

printenv  

Frequently Used Terms

Command Line, Command

Frequently Used Terms

Warning, Error, Permission Denied, Segmentation Fault

Directory Commands

• pwd (Print Working Directory)

• ls (List Directories)

• cd (Change Directory)

• mkdir (Make Directory)

Directory Commands - pwd

(Print Working Directory)

pwd

## /Users/emirtoker/Desktop/Memurluk/Software_Tools_for_Earth_&_Environmental_Science/Software_Tools_R_Github

Directory Commands - ls

(List Directories)

ls

## LICENSE
## Presentation
## README.html
## README.md
## R_Home_Website
## R_Interactive_Samples_with_Shiny.Rmd
## R_Interactive_Samples_with_Shiny.html
## R_Interactive_Samples_with_Shiny_files
## R_Interactive_Training
## Software_Tools_R_Github.Rproj
## Software_Tools_for_Earth_and_Environmental_Science_Syllabus.png
## Software_Tools_for_Earth_and_Environmental_Science_Syllabus_2020_21_Fall.png
## _site.yml
## about.Rmd
## additional_course.Rmd
## book.Rmd
## code.Rmd
## data.Rmd
## data_sources.Rmd
## data_structure.Rmd
## datacamp.Rmd
## dc_logo1.png
## dc_logo2.png
## dc_logo3.png
## dc_logo4.png
## dc_logo5.png
## docs
## index.Rmd
## my_r_notebook.Rmd
## ncl.Rmd
## netcdf.Rmd
## new_accounts.Rmd
## new_data.csv
## python.Rmd
## r_and_rstudio.Rmd
## r_language.Rmd
## r_probability.Rmd
## r_programming.Rmd
## r_statistics.Rmd
## rsconnect
## syllabus.Rmd
## unix_linux.Rmd

Directory Commands - pwd and ls

Directory Commands - cd

(Change Directory)

cd Presentation/

Directory Commands - mkdir

(Make Directory)

mkdir <new_folder_name>

File Commands

• touch

• cat (Concatenate)

• rm (Remove)

• cp (Copy)

• mv (Move)

File Commands - touch

touch <my_new_file>

File Commands - cat

(Concatenate)

cat my_new_file

This is my new file. Hi!

File Commands - cp

(Copy)

cp my_new_file my_new_file2

File Commands - mv

(Move)

mv my_new_file2 my_new_file3

File Commands - rm

(Remove)

rm my_new_file my_new_file3

Special Commands

• find

• help

• history

• clear

• date and cal

• exit

Special Commands - find

find -name <name_of_file>

Special Commands - help

find --help

Special Commands - history

history

Special Commands - clear

clear

Special Commands - date and cal

date

## Thu Oct 22 01:30:50 +03 2020

cal

##     October 2020      
## Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  
##              1  2  3  
##  4  5  6  7  8  9 10  
## 11 12 13 14 15 16 17  
## 18 19 20 21 _2_2 23 24  
## 25 26 27 28 29 30 31  
## 

Symbols

• | (and)
• > (assing)
• $ (special variable)
• ? (an unknown character)
• * (an unknown sroup of characters)

cat my_profile | sort

ls > my_list

x=3
echo $x

ls my*

ls ?y_list* 

vi Editor and Print Commands

• vi

• esc (default mode)

• i (insert mode)

• :q (just quit)

• :q! (don’t save and quit)

• :qw (write/save and quit)

• grep and echo

• head and tail

• sed (stream editor)

vi Editor and Print Commands - vi

vi Editor and Print Commands - esc

(Default Mode)

vi Editor and Print Commands - i

(Insert Mode)

vi Editor and Print Commands - :wq

(Write/Save and Quit)

vi Editor and Print Commands - grep and echo

grep my_profile

grep ITU my_profile

echo my_profile

name=Emir

echo $name

vi Editor and Print Commands - head and tail

head my_profile

tail my_profile

vi Editor and Print Commands - sed

(Stream Editor)

Replacing or substituting string;

sed 's/ITU/ODTU/' my_profile

sed '5d' my_profile 

Bash Script

touch my_bash_script.sh
vi my_bash_script.sh

x=5
y=3
echo $((x+y))

bash my_bash_script.sh

8

Practice and Quiz

Practice

1. Learn where you are (Print your working directory)
2. Look at inside (list all documents and directories)
3. Create a new folder (make a directory,<my_new_dir>)
4. Go to the <my_new_dir> (change your directory)
5. Create a new file (touch it, file name : <my_new_file>)
6. Open this new file and write your name (vi-insert mode)
7. Save your work and close the file (write + quit)
8. Print your name on the screen (grep, tail, head, cat)
9. Put <my_new_file> at the parent directory (move it)
10. Go to parent directory (change directory with two dots)
11. Create a copy, name; <my_new_file_2>
12. Remove your first folder <my_new_dir>
13. List all documents and directories

Quiz

Introduction to Gnu/Linux

LINK