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Modem Network Switch Router

  Modem

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A modem is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.

The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used with any means of transmitting analog signals, from light emitting diodes to radio. The most familiar example is a voice band modem that turns the digital data of a personal computer into modulated electrical signals in the voice frequency range of a telephone channel. These signals can be transmitted over telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to recover the digital data.

  Network Switch

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A network switch is a computer networking device that is used to connect many devices together on a computer network.

A switch is considered more advanced than a hub because a switch will only sent a message to the device that needs or requests it, rather than broadcasting the same message out of each of its ports. A switch is a multi-port network bridge that processes and forwards data at the data link layer of the OSI model. Some switches have additional features, including the ability to route packets, these switches are commonly known as layer-3 or multilayer switches.

  Router

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A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork.

A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically forwarded from one router to another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its destination node.