Design
and Implementation of Second Order
Sigma-Delta Analog to Digital Converter
B.Sc. Thesis, 1996
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department
Electric Electronic Faculty
Istanbul Technical University
Supervisor: Prof Dr. Duran LEBLEBİCİ
Content
1. Functional Desciption of the A/D Converter
2. Analysis of Quantization Noise
3. Models of Quantizer
4. Static Properties of A/D Converters
4.1 Accuracy
4.2 Absolute Accuracy
4.3 Relative Accuracy
4.4 Differential
Non-Linearity
4.5 Integral Non-Linearity
4.6 Errors Caused
by OPAMP Off-set
4.7 Errors Caused
by Finite OPAMP Gain
5. Dynamic Properties of A/D Converters
5.1 Signal-to-Noise
Ratio
5.2 Dynamic Range
5.3 Effects of Finite
Conversion time
5.4 Bit Error Rate
5.5 Distortion
5.6 PSRR
5.7 Effects of OPAMP
Setling Time
6. Power Comsumption Considerations
7. Digital Filter Design and FIR Filters
8. Different A/D Converter Topologies
8.1 Integration
type A/D Converters
8.1.1
Single Slope A/D Converters
8.1.2
Dual Slope A/D Converters
8.1.3
Triple Slope A/D Converters
8.1.4
Charge Balancing A/D Converters
8.2 Digital Ramp
Type A/D Converters
8.2.1
Tracking Type A/D Converters
8.2.2
Step Type A/D Converters
8.3 SAR Type A/D
Converters
8.4 Flash Type A/D
Converters
8.5 Algorithmic
A/D Converters
9. Delta Modulation Systems
10. Over-sampling, Noise-Shaping Modulator
11. Sigma-Delta Modulated A/D Converters
11.1 Basics
11.2 Sigma-Delta
Modulator Output
11.3 Different Sigma-Delta
Modulator Structure
11.3.1
First Order Sigma Delta Modulator
11.3.2
Second Order Sigma Delta Modulator
11.3.3
Third Order Sigma Delta Modulator
11.3.4
Multi Stage Sigma Delta Modulator (MASH)
11.3.5
Nth Order Sigma Delta Modulator
11.4 Dynamic Range
of The Modulator Input Signal
11.5 Quantization
Noise in Sigma-Delta Modulators
11.6 Decimation
for Sigma-Delta Modulation
11.7 Second Order
Sigma Delta Modulator Structures in detail
12. Implementation
12.1 Design of the System
12.2 Design of the
Comparator and the Integrator for the Second Order Modulator
12.2.1
Integrators
12.2.2
The Effects of the Gain Variations on the Modulator Performance
12.2.3
The Effects of Finite DC Gain on The Modulator Performance
12.2.4
The Effects of Finite Band width on The Modulator Performance
12.2.5
The Effects of Finite Slew-Rate on The Modulator Performance
12.2.6
The Effects of Comparator's Hysteresis on The Modulator Performance
12.3 Switched Capacitor
Circuits
12.4 MOS Switches
12.5 Design of the
Differential Amplifier
12.6 Design of the
Comparator
12.7 Design of the
Decimation Filter
13. Conclusion
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