Gaseous Composition of the Atmosphere

## Permanent Gases in the Atmosphere

- Nitrogen (N2): 78.084% by volume
- Oxygen (O2): 20.948%
- Argon (Ar): 0.934%
- Carbon dioxide (CO2): 0.033%
- Other noble gases (Ne, He, Kr, Xe)
- Hydrogen (H2)
- Methane (CH4)
- Nitrous oxide (N2O)
- Carbon monoxide (CO)

## Gases with Variable Concentration

- Water vapour (H2O)
- Ozone (O3)
- Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
- Ammonia (NH3)
- Nitric oxide (NO)
- Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
- Nitric acid vapour (HNO3)

The Earth's Atmosphere

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